NEW!!!  -   Low Pressure UV (Ultraviolet)
Germicidal Lamps 

Germicidal Behavior
It has been many years since it first became necessary to disinfect water and air. At first people choose chemical methods to disinfect water, chlorine in particular. However, scientific research shows that these processes have bad effect on health and environment. Chlorine has reaction with the substances in the water and form residues and by products which do damage to the environment and health. Furthermore, some pathogens have already developed resistance to chlorine, calling into the question the success of the disinfection process.

Today, after many years of research, it has been discovered that the most effective alternative process available to us is the disinfection of water and air using ultraviolet light (UV). Ultraviolet ray is light with very high energy level and a wavelength of 200-400nm. One of the most effective wavelengths for disinfection is that of 254nm. Over 90% of total UV radiation energy is at 254nm. Wavelength of 200-280nm is named JVC. So disinfection using 254nm wavelength is called UVC disinfection. 254nm radiation destroys microorganisms by changing their genetic information or DNA.

Ozone Action

The deep UV radiation at 185nm wavelength produces abundant amounts of ozone in air. Ozone is an extremely active oxidizer and destroys microorganisms on contact. Ozone also acts as a deodorizer. One of ozone's advantages is that it can be carried by air into places that the UV radiation cannot reach directly. Ozone in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produces highly energetic particles called hydroxyl radical (OH). The radical reacts with and oxidizes most organic contaminants. Hydroxyl radical oxidation is much more effective than direct oxidation with ozone. This radical oxidation technology is called Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) or Advanced Oxidation Treatment (AOT).

Type & Specification

Ozone Free UV Germicidal Lamps

L (low) germicidal lamps use ozone free fused quartz which cuts off 185nm ozone-producing line and emits 254nm line only. L type germicidal lamp is used to disinfect air, water and surface where ozone production is not desired, such as UV water purifier used at home Please see below graph 1 for the spectral energy distribution of ozone free UV lamps.

Ozone Producing UV Germicidal Lamps

VH (very high) germicidal lamps use high purity fused quartz which emit both 185nm ozone-producing line and 254nm germicidal line. VH lamps produce ozone to oxidize hydrocarbons to get TOC (total organic carbon) reduction water used by industries such as semiconductor industry, where super-purified water is necessary. VH lamps are also used to treat soil and groundwater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, VOCS, TNT in Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) and Advanced Oxidation Treatment (AOT). Please see below graph 2 for the spectral energy distribution of ozone producing UV lamps.

Low Pressure Amalgam (HO) UV Germicidal Lamps

High Output (HO) Germicidal Lamps emit 40%-60% more UV output than normal lamps of the same length. It is well known that above a certain mercury vapor pressure, the UV output decreases; due to the increase of the self-absorption of res0naneo line in the sealed glass tube: The mercury pressure is decided by the temperature inside the sealed glass tube, as a result, excessive current input to the lamps tube decreases the UV output intensity. By using the amalgam this problem can be solved. The physically identical amalgam lamp omits 55% more UV when the input current is increased from 425mA to 900mA, while the UV output of the normal germicidal lamp is decreased.
See below graph 3. For the available specification of HO lamps, please see table 1, table 2, table3, table 4.

Low Pressure Indium Amalgam (VHO) UV Germicidal Lamps

Very high output (VHO) germicidal lamps emit 3 times the UV output of normal germicidal lamps. It is indium doped amalgam lamps that are made for the optimum operating temperature of 100-120 ℃ so that it can be made into high watts lamps The lamps are designed primarily for use in wastewater and municipal drinking water treatment. The lamps provide the equipment manufacturers the benefit of designing equipments to achieve the required disinfection rates by using fewer lamps and fewer Supporting components, The VHO lamps are less sensitive to the varying water temperature which allows lamp effectiveness to be maintained.
For the available specification, please see table 1, table 2, table 3.

Low Pressure Slim-line Double Ended Germicidal Lamps

Slim-line germicidal lamps are instant start, hot cathode utilizing a coil filament on each end which operates hot. Lamp life is governed by tile life of the electrodes and is affected by tile frequency of starting.

Low Pressure Preheat UV Germicidal Lamps (GPH)

Preheal germicidal lamps are operated by a preheat-start circuit that employs a relatively compact and economical ballast. The preheat circuit requires four electrical connections per lamp and a slight to moderate delay is needed to start the lamp Due to increased circuit complexity, reliability is regarded as slightly less than slim-line or cold-cathode instant-start circuits.

Low Pressure Compact Germicidal Lamps

The design of "H" shaped and "U" shaped germicidal lamps is primarily employed in application where more intense UV radiation is needed in a limited space. So it is compact. H-shape and U- shape are also instant start lamps.

Remarks: Custom designed U shape germicidal lamps are available.